Friday, March 25, 2011

Barbarian Essay

     Everywhere you read up on the Celts you see that they are given the title barbarians. Then when you look up the Romans they are portrayed as very sophisticated and the opposite of barbaric. The past semester and a half I have been reading about the Gallic wars and I am starting to question the belief that the Celts were the barbarians not the Romans. The Celts have morals that we today would not consider barbaric at all, and when you look at the Romans you see a very cruel society of people. When you look at these two societies side to side without any bias of the Romans you find that the Celts are not the barbarians, but that the Romans are.
 
  It is very important to look at the Celts a little harder then we normally would. They lived in huts, living off the land. They also had livestock and grew crops. The Celts had longer hair just like the Greeks, and we do not call them barbarians. They were very large men ripped in muscles, and isn't that the way that a lot of people today look. We so quickly accept everything the Romans say, and never look deeper into what the Celts truly were like. The Celts were a people that set a high value on honor and courage. They took pride in what their ancestors had accomplished, and would strive to benefit their tribe the best they could. Many thing that they value are things that we also look for, and admire. They also had a very structured religion in which they had many different gods for everything important in their lives. They also had very beautiful art that reflected their surroundings. They also had a very defined government, that ran their tribes very well. A culture with art, structured government, religion, morals, and principles is not by any means a barbaric culture.

     The Romans on the other hand were a very different society. They built huge monolithic structures that leave most of us in aw. They had a very rich culture but there were some thing in it which would be considered horrible in the world we live in today. The Romans came up with something that is one of the most cruel and gory thing that anyone one in this day and age would hope never happens again, the gladiator fights. The gladiators were professional killers that fought for the entertainment of the Romans. Many times they would put criminals in there for their punishment, if they won they earned their freedom. Gladiators would fight to the death unless they were instructed other wise with the iconic thumb up or down. The Romans also cared more about their material possessions, and power than they did anything else. The Romans loved their watching people die, and seeing their blood on the ground in the arenas that the Gladiators fought. They had low morals, and were power greedy. When you look at all of those things i is way to see that these people were truly barbaric.

     Then you look at their armies and how they functioned. The Celts fought face to face brutal hand to hand combat. They wanted their enemy to be ready. They fought according to honor and thought very little of those with cowardice. In Caesars Gallic wars wars when the Romans attacked on quarter of the Helvetii when three quarters had already crossed the river, Caesar was seen as a coward. The romans attacked while they were off guard ready to cross, and they were wearing their sacks that they used to carry their supplies. The Romans also have a horrifying way to deal with those in the army that commit a serious crime, it's called decimation. This is happens when a soldier is caught routing or commits a serious crime they would divide the unite up into section of ten. Then they would draw straw, whomever drew the shortest straw was killed by the other nine. This is by far one of the most barbaric things that an army could do. This was meant to inspire fear into those who were left.

     The Celts were called by the Romans Barbarians. That name has stayed with them all throughout history. Not many people take the time and think if the Celts were the real barbarians, or if the Romans were. It is something that could be debated on each side. Sure there are things that might make the Celts look like barbarians, and the Romans have things that make them look like barbarians. It is up to whomever think about it to decide which one deserves the title barbarian. Even though the Celts are very stereotypically called the Barbarians, if everyone would stop and look, they would see that the Romans are the true Barbarians





Siculus, Diodorus . "Who Were the Ancient Celts."CelticLife. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar 2011. .

"The Roman Gladiator ." Classics Technology Center. AbleMedia, 2004. Web. 25 Mar 2011. .

Thursday, March 24, 2011

7.5 Check

[5] His suppliciis celeriter coacto exercitu Lucterium Cadurcum, summae hominem audaciae, cum parte copiarum in Rutenos mittit; ipse in Bituriges proficiscitur. Eius adventu Bituriges ad Aeduos, quorum erant in fide, legatos mittunt subsidium rogatum, quo facilius hostium copias sustinere possint. Aedui de consilio legatorum, quos Caesar ad exercitum reliquerat, copias equitatus peditatusque subsidio Biturigibus mittunt. Qui cum ad flumen Ligerim venissent, quod Bituriges ab Aeduis dividit, paucos dies ibi morati neque flumen transire ausi domum revertuntur legatisque nostris renuntiant se Biturigum perfidiam veritos revertisse, quibus id consili fuisse cognoverint, ut, si flumen transissent, una ex parte ipsi, altera Arverni se circumsisterent. Id eane de causa, quam legatis pronuntiarunt, an perfidia adducti fecerint, quod nihil nobis constat, non videtur pro certo esse proponendum. Bituriges eorum discessu statim cum Arvernis iunguntur.


Verbs:
mittit - 3rd singular perfect active indicative of mittire meaning to help 

proficiscitur - 3rd singular perfect passive indicative of proficiscire meaning to march
erant - 3rd singular present active indicative of esse meaning to be
mittunt - 3rd plural present active indicative of mittere meaning to help 
sustinere - present active infinitive meaning to resist 
possint - 3rd plural perfect active indicative of posse meaning to be able 
reliquerat - 3rd singular present active indicative of reliquere meaning to leave
venissent - 3rd plural present active indicative of venissere meaning to reach 
revertuntur - 3rd plural present passive indicative of revertunere meaning to cross
renuntiant - 3rd plural present active indicative of renuntire meaning to come together 
cognoverint - 3rd plural perfect active indicative of cognoverire meaning to converge
transissent - 3rd plural present active indicative of transissere meaning to cross
circumsisterent - 3rd plural present active indicative of circumsistere meaning to happen 
pronuntiarunt - 3rd plural present active indicative of pronuntiare meaning 
fecerint - 3rd plural perfect active indicative of fecerire meaning to say 
esse - present active infinitive meaning to be 


Haveing quickly gathered an army under their punishments, he send Leucratious of the Carduci, a man of utmost daring, to the territory of the Retueni, and he himself marches to the territory of the Birtuges. On his arrival the Birtuges send ambassadors to the Auduei, under whos protection they were, for help so that they might better resist the enemy. The Audei, by the console of the luetenants that Caesar had left their with his army, send them supplies of equites and soldiers to help the Birtuges.  

Thursday, March 17, 2011

Oral check verbs 3-1

1. adsum - attract
2. ago - to go away
3. apereo -
4. celera -
5. concitdo - to call together
6. convico - to fall
7. ceso -
8. deverto - to divert
9. doceo - to teach
10. duco - to attract
11. afugio -
12. expecto - to be expecting
13. extrahere -
14. phoro -
15. hareo - to have
16. impedio - to hinder
17. interpelo - in to
18. invenio -
19. ineuro -
20. latro - latin
21. moveo - to move
22. muso - to muster
23. olfacio - to smell
24. praterio - emperor
25. rogo - to rave
26. traho - a wagon
27. veto -
28. bonus - good
29. comotus - commotion
30. fatius - stupid
31. ancilla - maidservant
32. aqua - water
33. baculum -
34. cuibus -
35. cista -
36. complexeus - complex
37. cubicumlum
38 . equus - horse
39. hora - day
40. ianitor - doorkeeper
41. liberi - child
42. mater - master
43. mehe - hello
44. nemo - no name
45. nomin - no name
46. nos - name
47. nuntius - nothing
48. pater - father
49. princepes - emperor
50. rida - ride

1. ridarious -
2. servus - servant
3. silva - woods
4. urpus - city
5. via - road

Wednesday, March 16, 2011

7.4

obtinuerat - 3rd singular pluperfect active indicative of obtinere meaning to hold fast
appetebat - 3rd singular imperfect active indicative of indicative of appetere meaning to strive for 
erat - 3rd singular imperfect active indicative of esse meaning to be 
incendit - 3rd singular present active indicative of incendere meaning to set fire
concurritur - 3rd singular present passive indicative of concurrere meaning to run together 
existimabant - 3rd plural imperfect active indicative of existimere meaning to value 
expellitur - 3rd singular present passive indicative of expellere meaning to drive out 
destitit - 3rd singular perfect active indicative of sistere meaning to place 
habet - 3rd singular present active indicative of habere meaning to have 
adit - 3rd singular perfect active indicative of adere meaning to submit 
perducit - 3rd singular present active indicative of perducere meaning to lead through
hortatur - verb 3rd sg pres ind pass meaning to urge
capiant - verb 3rd pl pres subj act meaning to take in hand
expellit - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to drive out
appellatur - verb 3rd sg pres subj pass meaning to drive to
obtestatur - verb 3rd sg pres ind pass meaning to protest
maneant - verb 3rd pl pres subj act meaning to stay
attingunt - verb 3rd pl pres ind act meaning to touch 
defertur - verb 3rd sg pres ind pass meaning to bring away
imperat - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to command
iubet - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to impose 
constituit - verb 3rd sg perf ind act meaning to put 
studet - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to give attention 
addit - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to put to
cogit - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to drive together
necat - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to kill
remittit - verb 3rd sg pres ind act meaning to send back
sint - verb 3rd pl pres subj act meaning to be
perterreant - verb 3rd pl pres subj act meaning to frighten 


There in the manner, Vercingetorix the son of Celtillus the Arverian, a young man of high power, whose father held the supremacy of all of Gaul, and had been put to death by his fellow citizens, for the reason that he aimed for sovereign power,  summon by his dependents, and excited them. When his design was known, they rushed to arms, he is expelled from the town of Gergovia, by his uncle Gabanitio and the rest of the nobles, who though that an enterprise should not be hazarded, he did not stop, but he hald a needy and desperate levy in the country. Having collected a body of troops, he brings his sentiment of his fellow citizens as he has access, he has them take up arms for general freedom, having grown such a force he drives his enemies from the state, whom he had expelled a short time after, He is saluted as king by his partisans, he send his ambassadors in every direction, he makes them adhere to their promise. . He quickly attaches to his interests the Senones , Parisii , Pictones, Cadurci, Turones , Aulerci, Lemovice, and all the others who border on the ocean, he has supreme command through unanimous consent. On obtaining authority, he demands hostages from all these states, he orders a certain number to be sent to him immediately, he determined what number of arms each state should have made at home, and before what time to be made, he also payed particular attention to the calvary. With his most attention he adds the the rigor of authority, the severity of the punishment gets ride of the wavering, on the committing of a greater crime he puts the perpetrators to death by fire and every sort of torture, for the smaller, he sends home the offenders with their ears cut off, or one of their eyes put out, so that they might be an example to the rest, and frighten others by the severity of the punishment.      

answers

  1. aestas, aestatis - 
  2. dies, diei - god
  3. ambulo
  4. dormio - home
  5. audio - to hear
  6. rivus - stream
  7. tempus - time 
  8. laboro - labor 
  9. vir - man
  10. repellio - to drive off
  11. scribo - to write
  12. sedeo - to sedate
  13. timeo - timed 
  14. volo - to call
  15. ascendo - to rise 
  16. aqua - water
  17. consulo - to consult 
  18. ago - to drive
  19. doceo - to teach
  20. excito - to be excited
  21. habeo - to have
  22. hora
  23. Ianitor - doorkeeper 
  24. liber - child 
  25. habeo - to have
  26. aestas, aestatis - 
  27. dies, diei - god 
  28. advenio
  29. ambulo
  30. dormio - home 
  31. nomen - no name 
  32. audio - to hear
  33. rivus - stream 
  34. habito - habbit 
  35. tempus - time 
  36. laboro - labor 
  37. villa - country home 
  38. vir - man 
  39. peto
  40. repellio - to drive off 
  41. respondo - to respond 
  42. scribo - to write 
  43. sedeo - 
  44. terreo - 
  45. timeo - timed
  46. video - to see
  47. volo - to cal 
  48. ascendo - to ascend 
  49. amo - love 
  50. advenio - adventure
  51. vehiculum - vehicle 
  52. vestiga - vestige 
  53. via - through 
  54. vilicus
  55. vinea - vineyard 
  56. virga - virgin 
  57. nox - night 
  58. nubes - cloud 
  59. opus - eight
  60. pars - parts 
  61. periculum - 
  62. pes
  63. plaustrum
  64. porta - portal 
  65. pulvis
  66. rota - wheel 
  67. rusticus - peasant 
  68. servus - servant 
  69. silva - woods 
  70. tabellarius
  71. tunica - tunic 
  72. ars
  73. auriga
  74. baculum
  75. boscanis
  76. cisium
  77. civis - citizen 
  78. culpa
  79. dominus - house 
  80. fossa
  81. fons
  82. ira - anger 
  83. iter - into 
  84. littera
  85. murmur
  86. adsum
  87. convoco
  88. cesso
  89. deverto
  90. doceo
  91. duco
  92. effugio
  93. exspecto
  94. extraho
  95. fero
  96. haereo
  97. impedio
  98. interpello
  99. invenio
  100. inuro

vocab practice check

1. area, -ae
2. auriga, -ae
3. baculum, -i
4. bos, bovis
5. canis, canis
6. civis, civis 
7. culpa, -ae
8. dominus, -i
9. fossa, -ae
10. fons, frontis
11. ira, -ae
12. littera, -ae
13. murmur, murmurris
14. nubes, nubis
15. opus, operis
16. pars, partis
17. pes, pedis
18. porta, -ae
19. rusticus, -i
20. silva, -ae
21. tunica, -ae
22. vestiga, -ae
23. vinea, -ae
24. commotus, -a -um
25. incolumnis, -is -e
26. immobilis, -is -e
27. plenus, -a, -um
28. septimus, -a, um
29. tardus, -a, -um
30. adsum, adesse
31. ago, agere
32. concido, -ere
33. cesso, -are
34. deverto, -ere
35. duco, ducere
36. effugio, -ere
37. extraho, -ere
38. haereo, -ere
39. impedio, -ire
40. interpello, -are
41. inuro, inurere
42. latro, -are
43. musso, -are
44. olfacio, -ere
45. rogo, -are
46. vito, -are
47. celerrime
48. ferociter
49. placide
50. procul
51. quattuor
52. tantum
53. ancilla, -ae
54. equus, -i
55. liber, liberi 
56. nemo, neminis
57. nuntius, -i
58. raeda, -ae
59. urbs, urbis
60. occupatus, -a, -um
61. tuus, -a, -um
62. abeo, abire, abivi, abiturus
63. coquo, coquere
64. doceo, docere
65. excito, -are
66. gero, gerere
67. iacio, iacere
68. intro, -are
69. lacrimo, -are
70. nescio, -ire
71. pono, ponere
72. purgo, -are
73. revoco, -are
74. specto, -are
75. sto, stare
76. trado, tradere
78. taceo, -ere
79. venio, -ire
80. cras
81. eugepae
82. interea
83. nondum
84. Salve!
85. Vale
86. ager, agris
87. arbor, aboris
88. lupus, -i
89. piscina, -ae
90. ramus, -i 
91. rivus, -i
92. servus, servi
93. villa, villae
94. vox, vocis
95. alter, altera
96. dormio, -ire
97. laboro, -are
98. gero, gerere
99. repellio, -ere
100. video, -ere